Estrogen: For women, the dramatic decrease in the hormone estrogen after menopause can increase the likelihood of illnesses like heart disease and issues like vaginal dryness. Maintaining a healthy weight is important, says endocrinologist Cynthia Stuenkel, MD, of the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine; it can keep your heart (and other organs) healthier. For vaginal dryness and long-lingering hot flashes, starting oral hormone replacement isn’t generally recommended after age 60 because it can make you more vulnerable to blood clots and, after more than five years of use, to diseases such as breast cancer. Low-dose vaginal estrogen is considered safer at any age and for any amount of time.
Testosterone: Men produce less testosterone with age, which may contribute to reduced strength and muscle mass. But for most men, testosterone replacement therapy isn’t the answer, Auchus says. What does help is a balanced diet, a full night’s sleep, and regular exercise. For instance, a single strength-building workout training temporarily raises testosterone production in older men, according to a report from the Mayo Clinic.
